What is Surgical Sperm Retrieval and Who May Need It
Surgical sperm retrieval is a group of procedures designed to collect sperm directly from the testicles or surrounding structures when sperm is absent from the semen. It may be needed in cases of blocked sperm ducts (obstructive azoospermia), congenital absence of the vas deferens, previous vasectomy, or severely reduced sperm production. The sperm obtained is usually used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as part of IVF treatment. Common techniques include PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration), TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration), and TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction), with the choice depending on the underlying cause of infertility, previous surgeries, and sperm production levels.

How the Procedure is Performed
Surgical sperm retrieval can be done under local or general anaesthesia, usually as a same-day procedure. Using a fine needle or making a small incision, the doctor collects sperm, which can be used immediately for IVF/ICSI or frozen for later use. The duration and method depend on the technique chosen and the ease of finding viable sperm. In some cases, more than one attempt or method may be required to obtain enough sperm for treatment.

Recovery, Aftercare, and Risks
Mild discomfort, swelling, or bruising in the scrotum is common for a few days after the procedure, and pain relief with supportive underwear is often helpful. Most men can return to light activities within 1–2 days but should avoid strenuous exercise or heavy lifting for about a week. Risks are uncommon but may include infection, bleeding, or, rarely, ongoing discomfort. You should contact the clinic promptly if you develop severe pain, significant swelling, redness, or fever after the procedure.